More simply, an ontology is a way of showing the properties of a subject area and how they are related, by defining a set of concepts and. Tutorial by costello and jacobs of mitre funded by darpa. The school of computer science at the university of manchester are pleased to invite you to participate in their internationally renowned owl ontology. It is therefore not possible to perform automated reasoning on owlfull ontologies. They allow the encoding of knowledge about specific domains and often include reasoning rules that support the processing of that knowledge. It provides a rich collection of operators for forming concept descriptions. Owl 1 language is a w3c recommendation since february 2004. Owl is an ontology language designed for the semantic. Thus, users can customize ontologies to include domain specific information while retaining the interoperability benefits of sharing terminology where possible.
Pdf introduction to web ontology language owl requirements for ontology languages three species of owl syntactic forms of owl. Web ontology language owl world wide web consortium. Extends existing web standards such as xml, rdf, rdfs easy to understand and use should be based on familiar kr idioms formally specified of adequate expressive power possible to provide automated reasoning support from. Owl 2 web ontology language primer world wide web consortium. The owl web ontology language is designed for use by applications that need. A resource is a uri representing a class of objects a document, a picture, a paragraph on the web. Jul 11, 2007 the ontology itself is described in a simple xml format, which will be replaced by owl. No distinction between language constructors and ontology vocabulary, so constructors can be applied to themselves each other. Owl 2 language is a new version, it is a w3c recommendation since october 2009. To reach the visionary goal of a semantic web, the w3c must develop a web ontology language. We request the submission be known as the owl s submission.
Ontologies introduction to ontologies and semantic web. Formal specification is required in order to be able to process ontologies and operate on ontologies automatically. The content of an ontology consists of the propositions involving concepts in the ontology that are entailed by the constituent propositions of the ontology. Its primary aim is to bring the expressive and reasoning power of description logic to the semantic web. Current standards include languages such as the web ontology language owl and the resource description language rdf. However, owl is used in webindependent applications as well. Representing information using the web ontology language lacy, lee w. We then revise and refine the evolving ontology and fill in the details. Download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf download fulltext pdf.
The owl web ontology language is a new formal language for representing ontologies in the semantic web. The w3c web ontology language owl is a semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. Ontology languages for the semantic web ontology languages. Philosophical ontology ontology as a branch of philosophy is the science of what. Chapter 6 describes some owl constructs such as hasvalue restrictions and. In computer science and information science, an ontology encompasses a representation, formal naming and definition of the categories, properties and relations between the concepts, data and entities that substantiate one, many or all domains of discourse. University of dublin trinity college introduction to web ontology language owl owen. Ontologia del lenguaje spanish edition echeverria, rafael on. Introduction the owl web ontology language is an international standard for encoding and exchanging ontologies and is designed to support the semantic web. Owl comes with a larger vocabulary and stronger syntax than rdf.
Chapter 2 an introduction to t he owl web ontology language jeff heflin lehigh university abstract. We describe an iterative approach to ontology development. The making of a web ontology language ian horrocks,1 peter f. In a traditional relational database, concepts can be stored using tables, but the system does not contain any information about what the concepts mean and how they relate to each other. Web ontology language owl introduction to ontologies and. Although many features are also available in precursory or alternative technologies, we claim that combinations of specific features are uniquely provided by ontologies.
Ontology is about the exact description of things and their relationships. Linguistics, psychology, and the ontology of language noam chomskys wellknown claim that linguistics is a branch of cognitive psychology chomsky 1972, 1 has generated a great deal of dissentnot from linguists or psychologists, but from philosophers. In this respect, it is more expressive than xml, rdf or rdfs by providing additional vocabulary along with formal semantics. May 16, 2000 the ontology of language explores how semantic issues can be addressed in a way that minimizes the ontological commitments of the resulting semantics. Representing information using the web ontology language. Ontology languages, semantic web, transparent intentional logic til, hierarchy of types, concepts, structured meanings, xml linking language xlink, resource description framework schema, rdf. Propositions and ontologies are objects, things we can talk about. Using web tools for constructing an ontology of different. Ontologies and the semantic web school of informatics. The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies.
International conference on formal ontology and information systems, turin, 46 november 2004 beyond concepts. Semantic web aims to make web content more accessible to automated processes adds semantic annotations to web resources ontologies provide vocabulary for annotations terms have well defined meaning owl ontology language based on description logic exploits results of basic research on complexity, reasoning, etc. The w3c owl 2 web ontology language owl is a semantic web. Owl has features from several families of representation languages, including primarily description logics and frames. Thus, the proliferation of ontologies factors largely in the semantic webs success.
Abstract the owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning. Protege is considered as one of the best tools for ontology engineering in the entire world, which also enables us to export ontologies in various other language formats like resource description framework rdf schema 20, and web ontology language owl 21, 22. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans. Lack of methodology or standards for ontology development, configuration management, registry support for web services or other applications. Owl 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as semantic web. Odyruv since 2009 there is a second version of owl, dubbed owl 2, which supersedes the previous owl 1 in. Although many factors come into deciding the appropriate sublanguage to use, there are. The web ontology language owl extends rdf and rdfs.
Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology. Extensible open source environment protege is based on java, is extensible, and provides a plugandplay environment that makes it a flexible base for rapid prototyping and application development. Web ontology language requirements desirable features identified for web ontology language. This article is concerned with the ontology of a certain class of social entities and the role of language in the creation and maintenance of such entities. Pdf owl web ontology languageoverview researchgate. An ontology language is a formal language used to encode the ontology. The book works within a version of property theory stemming from a combination of the lambda calculus with aczels frege structuresa combination originally developed by raymond turner. In computer science and artificial intelligence, ontology languages are formal languages used to construct ontologies. The ontology itself is described in a simple xml format, which will be replaced by owl. Owl and rdf are much of the same thing, but owl is a stronger language with greater machine interpretability than rdf. I also include such facts as the fact that george bush is president of the united states. The ontology web language owl is a set of markup languages which are designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans the owl ontology describe the hierarchical organization of ideas in a domain, in a way that can be parsed and understood by software. Ontologies are a formal way to describe taxonomies and classification networks, essentially defining the structure of knowledge for various domains.
The content of an ontology consists of the propositions involving concepts in the ontology. Propositions can be equivalent without being identical. Introduction to semantic web ontology languages department of. The one that currently gets the most attention is probably the web ontology language owl. Get an overview of this farsighted concept and contemplate the various use cases that make this. A practical guide to building owl ontologies using the. In order to extend the limited expressiveness of rdf schema, a more expressive web ontology language owl has been defined by the world wide web. Ontology learning for the semantic web alexander maedche and steffen staab, university of karlsruhe the semantic web relies heavily on formal ontologies to structure data for comprehensive and transportable machine understanding. Introduction to implementing ontologies in the web ontology language owl may 26, 2014 by nico matentzoglu. Patelschneider,2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester. This paper contributes an argumentation line for how technological features of ontologies lead to benefits for enterprise applications.
But not merely do we use our senses and memory thus to accumulate an unassorted stock of informations about isolated facts. Patelschneider,2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester oxford road, manchester m 9pl, uk email. Chapter 2 an introduction to ontologies and ontology engineering. An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology.
Web ontology language owl semantics for example, we can state in our ontology. It distinguishes between the semantic differences among others of. By using this tool, wornet and xslt transformations, we propose a general procedure to construct domain ontology for any natural language. The concept of the semantic web is that information should be given. Introduction to ontologies and semantic web tutorial ontologies ontologies and semantic web. In order to extend the limited expressiveness of rdf schema, a more expressive web ontology language owl has been defined by the world wide web consortium w3c. Gellish is an example of a combined ontology language and ontology that is description logic based. Linguistics, psychology, and the ontology of language. The web ontology language owl owl 2, 2012 is one of the most important ontology languages. Chapter 4 focuses on building an owldl ontology and using a description logic reasoner to check the consistency of the ontology and automatically compute the ontology class hierarchy.
Owl is an ontology language standard for web applications of ontologies the semantic web. Along the way, we discuss the modeling decisions that a designer needs to make, as well as the pros, cons, and implications of different solutions. Owl is a computational logicbased language such that knowledge expressed in owl can be exploited by computer programs, e. Owl web ontology language owl is an ontology language standard for web applications of ontologies the semantic web. The ontology of language explores how semantic issues can be addressed in a way that minimizes the ontological commitments of the resulting semantics. A common feature in ontology languages is the ability to extend preexisting ontologies. There are a number of such languages for ontologies, both proprietory and standardbased such as. Protege fully supports the latest owl 2 web ontology language and rdf specifications from the world wide web consortium. The ontology of language conclusion language depends on many nonlinguistic cognitive, sensory, and motor functions, as well as many highlyspecialized languagespecific functions language is therefore not a monolithic entity, but is composed of a network of interacting sub.
This document is also available in these nonnormative formats. Chapter 2 an introduction to the owl web ontology language. An introduction and uml profile for the web ontology language. The web ontology language owl is a w3c standard for specifying semantic information in a machine readable way.
The w3c web ontology language owl is playing an important role in an increasing number and range of applications, and is the focus of research into tools, reasoning techniques, formal foundations and language extensions. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, mcguinness and others published owl web ontology languageoverview find, read and cite all the research you need on. Ontology learning for the semantic web computer science. This submission contains a proposal for a web services description language, the web ontology language for services owl s, which builds on semantic web technology developed at w3c. Ontology modeling using web ontology language owl by philip tan eik yeow submitted to the sma office on may 17, 2004 in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in computer science abstract the context interchange strategy is a novel approach in solving heterogeneous data source. This language was proposed by the w3c and was designed for publishing, sharing data and automating data understood by computers using ontologies.
Aug 20, 2003 to reach the visionary goal of a semantic web, the w3c must develop a web ontology language. A practical guide to building owl ontologies using the prot. Owl also shares many characteristics with rdf, the w3c base of the semantic web. We request the submission be known as the owls submission. Unfortunately, not everything from rdf can be expressed in dl. The aim of this chapter is to present the web ontology language owl which can be used to develop semantic web applications that understand information and data on the web.
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